今天，新航道上海新航道學校GRE小編給大家整理了關于GRE考試第一季度真題內容，希望對各位接下來備考的考生們有所幫助!

  部分學生反映section1的verbal難度有提升，同時后面的section難度有明顯降低，此類學生的分數集中在310-320，說明section2的verbal并未上升至高分題庫。320+的學生反映邏輯題難度略大，短閱讀難度尚可，長閱讀依舊是痛點。

  真題回顧：2019 1.19

  Before feminist literary criticism emerged in the 1970s, the nineteenth-century United States writer Fanny Fern was regarded by most critics (when considered at all) as a prototype of weepy sentimentalism—a pious, insipid icon of conventional American culture. Feminist reclamations of Fern, by contrast, emphasize her non sentimental qualities, particularly her sharply humorous social criticism. Most feminist scholars find it difficult to reconcile Fern’s sardonic social critiques with her effusive celebrations of many conventional values. Attempting to resolve this contradiction, Harris concludes that Fern employed flowery rhetoric strategically to disguise her subversive goals beneath apparent conventionality. However, Tompkins proposes an alternative view of sentimentality itself, suggesting that sentimental writing could serve radical, rather than only conservative ends by swaying readers emotionally, moving them to embrace social change.

  Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

  1. The passage suggests which of the following about the contradiction mentioned in the highlighted sentence?

  A. It was not generally addressed by critics before the 1970s.

  B. It is apparent in only a small number of Ferns writings.

  C. It has troubled many feminist critics who study Fern.

  答案：AC

  2. It can be inferred from the passage that Tompkins would be most likely to agree with which of the following about the critics mentioned in the passage?

  A. They accurately characterize the overall result Fern is aiming to achieve.

  B. They are not as dismissive of Fern as some feminist critics have suggested.

  C. They exaggerate the extent to which Fern intended her writing to serve a social purpose.

  D. They wrongly assume that sentimental must be a pejorative term.

  E. They fail to recognize the role that sentimental rhetoric plays to reader’s emotions.

  答案：D

  這篇短閱讀是一篇較為典型的藝術評論點文章，共有兩道題，一道多選，一道推理題。2019年、2018年(4.28)、2017(5.21)年均出現過這篇文章。

  整體來說這篇文章難度屬于中等，第一題中的矛盾點主要在于前文中在1970年前后對于Fern的看法不同，以及一些女權主義者很難去協調Fern諷刺的社會評論和頌揚傳統的這兩個觀點，故選AC;第二題比較簡單，根據定位句可知Tompkins認為sentimental writing也可以是激進的，故選D。

  其實藝術評論類文章一直是我們閱讀中的一項難點，因為它融入的背景知識很廣，除了作品外，它還可能會設計到女權、黑人等一系列社會現象。有趣的是，這篇文章的中的Fern也存在了dual vision，同時也提出這個dual vision的不可協調性。

  下面有一篇類似考點的GRE藝術評論類文章供大家鞏固相關知識點。

  In Raisin in the Sun,Lorraine Hansberry does not reject integration or the economic and moral promise of the American dream; rather, she remains loyal to this dream while looking,realistically,at its incomplete realization[出現dual vision].

  Once we recognize this dual vision, we can accept the play's ironic nuances as deliberate social commentaries by Hansberry rather than as the "unintentional" irony that Bigsby attributes to the work. Indeed a curiously persistent refusal to credit Hansberry with a capacity for intentional irony has led some critics to interpret the play's thematic conflicts as mere confusion, contradiction, or eclecticism. Isaacs,for example,cannot easily reconcile Hansberry's intense concern for her race with her ideal of human reconciliation. [出現不可協調的兩個觀點-既有種族意識，又強調人類的統一]

  But the play's complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more "contradictory" than Du Bois' famous, well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity, or Fanon's emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles. [基于上文的不可協調性，通過對比的方式來解釋說明]

  真題回顧：2019.1.4&2019.2.22

  An alarming number of Mediterranean monk seals, an endangered species, have recently died. Postmortem analysis showed the presence of an as yet unidentified virus, as well as evidence of a known bacterial toxin. Seawater samples from the area where the seals died did contain unusually high concentrations of the toxic bacterium. Therefore, although both viruses and bacterial toxins can kill seals, it is more likely that these deaths were the result of the bacterial toxin.

  Q：Which of the following, if true, provides additional evidence to support the conclusion?

  A. Viruses are much more difficult to identify in postmortem analysis than bacteria are. B. Mediterranean monk seals are the only species of seal in the area where the bacterium was found.

  C. The bacterium is almost always present in the water in at least small concentrations. D. Nearly all the recent deaths were among adult seals, while young seals are far more susceptible to viruses than are adult seals.

  E. Several years ago, a large number of monk seals died in the same area as a result of exposure to a different bacterial toxin.

  答案：D

  今年這道題出現了兩次，是一道典型的strengthen題，有兩種原因可能會導致海豹消失：一種未識別的病毒和細菌病毒。推理部分是支持細菌病毒導致了海豹的消失。D選項提出雖然小海豹比較易受病毒的影響比成年海豹，但是最近幾乎近期都是成年海豹死亡。

  引申點：成年海豹不太容易受到viruses的影響，但是卻死亡了，那么說明很有可能是由于bacterial toxin。整體來說，這道題出的比較隱晦，需要學生對于選項進行深度分析，這也說明近期的邏輯題也確實有一定的難度。

  真題回顧：2019.1.4&2019.3.2

  Writing about nineteenth-century women’s travel writing, Lila Harper notes that the four women she discussed used their own names, in contrast with the nineteenth-century female novelists who either published anonymously or used male pseudonyms. The novelists doubtless realized that they were breaking boundaries, whereas three of the four daring, solitary travelers espoused traditional values, eschewing radicalism and women’s movements. Whereas the female novelists criticized their society, the female travelers seemed content to leave society as it was while accomplishing their own liberation. In other words, they lived a contradiction. For the subjects of Harper’s study, solitude in both the private and public spheres prevailed—a solitude that conferred authority, hitherto a male prerogative, but that also precluded any collective action or female solidarity.

  1. Which of the following best characterizes the “contradiction” that the author refers to?

  A. The subjects of Harper’s study enjoyed solitude, and yet as travelers they were often among people.

  B. Nineteenth-century travel writers used their own names, but nineteenth-century novelists used pseudonyms.

  C. Women’s movements in the nineteenth-century were not very radical in comparison with those of the twentieth-century.

  D. Nineteenth-century female novelists thought they were breaking boundaries, but it was the nineteenth-century women who traveled alone who were really doing so.

  E. While traveling alone in the nineteenth-century was considered a radical act for a woman, the nineteenth-century solitary female travelers generally held conventional views.

  答案：E

  2. According to the passage , solitude had which of the following effects for the nineteenth century female travelers?

  A. It conferred an authority typically enjoyed only by men.

  B. It prevented formation of alliances with other women.

  C. It relieved peer pressure to conform to traditional values.

  答案：AB

  又是一個老生常談的女權類文章，其實這類文章說難也不難，不外乎是支持的、保留的、折中的，但是這類文章對同學們的詞匯量和長難句理解的要求比較高。這篇文章主要講的是十九世紀女性旅行作品，通過描述19世紀四位女性作家用了自己的本名，以及她們的關于女權的意識，來引出她們處于一種矛盾之中。一方面她們批評她們所處的社會，但是又避免一些激進的行為。她們更喜歡遠離社會，但與之同時，她們這種單獨行動的做法也排除了其他集體活動或女性聯合。

  算數部分：整體難度與之前持平，對于整除、余數和奇偶性考察較多。

  Example 1：100-1000的整數中，能被7整除的數字的比率?(3月17日回憶)

  Example 2：1000內 有多少個數滿足條件：5的倍數或7的倍數(3月17日回憶)

  Solution：整除一直是算數考點的一個重點，倍數關系本質上來說和整數可以作為一個知識點。并且相對來說這個知識點不是很難。

  這兩題出現在同一場考試中，第一題是較容易的整除題，答案是：

  1000以內7的倍數有：1000÷7≈142(個)

  100以內7的倍數有：100÷5≈14(個)

  所以答案為(142-14)/900=32/225

  第二題相對來說難度有提升，考察了1000以內5和7的倍數有重合的問題。由于5和7這兩個數互質，所以既是5的倍數又是7的倍數的，為5*7=35的倍數。

  1000以內5的倍數有：1000÷5=200(個)

  7的倍數有：1000÷7≈142(個)

  35的倍數重復計算了：1000÷(5×7)≈28(個)

  所以是200+142-28=314(個)

  除了常見的3個考點外，ETS在今年的考試中不止一次考察了之前并沒有出現過的題型：

  Example 3：將20加在這樣一個數據的其中一個因數上，數據是113×123×135×261×293，問加在哪個因數上會使得最后的結果最大?(3月2日回憶)

  Solution：我們先講解一下這種題目的普遍思路。如果在各個因數上加或者減去一個常數，那么在最大數字上進行加減對于結果的影響是最小的，在最小數字上進行加減對于結果的影響是最大的。

  舉個例子，如果一個數字是2×3×4，然后在各個因數上+2來進行比較，如果是加在2上，則結果變成原來的2倍，如果是加在4上，則結果變成原來的1.5倍。所以這題的答案是加在113上會使得最后的結果最大。

  Example 4：1

  A. (r-1)·s·t

  B. r·(s-1)·t

  C. r·s·(t-1)

  D. (r+1)·s·t

  E. r·(s+1)·t

  Solution：這個題我們可以按照例3的思路進行分析，當然這個題要找最接近的，所以應該是在最大的數字t上做變化，所以答案選C，或者直接賦值，也可以得到答案C。

  這3個月統計學部分相對于標準差以及方差的考點增多，GRE數學考試中，對于方差以及標準差只考察以下幾個點：

  1.數字變化和標準方差變化的關系

  2.標準方差的數學意義

  3.標準方差在正態分布中的運用

  雖然平時課程中我們會提到方差和標準差的計算公式牡，但是GRE數學考試中，并不考算法和公式。首先我們需要明確兩個核心關系：

  1. 一組數據同時加上或者減去相同數字，標準方差不變;

  2. 同時乘以或者除以相同的數字，標準方差也按照相同的方式變化。

  Example 1 (2月真題回憶)：比較1, 11, 111和2, 22, 222之間標準方差哪個大?

  Solution：根據第二個核心關系可以得到2,22,222之間的標準方差比較大

  Example 2(1月真題回憶)：Someone needs to import a number of sets of bottles. Each bottle charges $12.04, and it also charges $4.8 for shipping each set (not single bottle but a whole set). The standard deviation of numbers of bottles in each set is 1.5. What is the standard deviation of the prices for each set?

  Solution：這個題首先有一個干擾條件就是4.8美金的運費，因為這個題沒有算利潤，所以運費沒有用。

  其次這個題要構建一個單價，數量和總價的關系，單價×數量=總價。題目已知數量的標準方差是1.5，問總價的標準方差，而大家知道總價和數量的關系是12.04倍，所以又回到前面的知識點，標準方差就是1.5×12.04=18.06

  Example 3：8到44(inclusive)中偶數的標準方差是A，23到59(inclusive)中奇數的標準方差是B，比較A和B的大小。(2月真題回憶)

  Solution：這個題一定要仔細觀察兩組數據的關系：第二組數據其實就是把第一組數據每個數字+15得到的，所以不影響原來數據的標準方差，所以A=B。

  代數部分整體難度還是體現在應用題上，長題干的題目有明顯增多的趨勢，很多學生會存在看不懂題目的現象。所以在保證數學知識點過關的基礎上，還需要大家多多提升自己的閱讀水平。

  幾何部分一直是GRE數學考試中的一個得分點，對于想沖擊170滿分的學生來說，幾何題必須要做到全對。近幾個月來，幾何部分考點大部分依然是圓、三角形等平面幾何為主。偶爾會考到圓錐、球體等立體幾何。

  Example 1(1月真題回憶)：有兩個裝有油的圓柱體，一個圓柱體的底盤面積4π，內有油的高度5;另一個底盤面積 10π，內有油的高度是6。現在將油從第二個圓柱體往第一個倒，使這兩個圓柱體最終油的高度都相同，問最終油的高度是多少?

  Solution：這個題可以先算出所有油的體積=80π，然后想象一下如果最終油的高度一樣的時候，等于就是一個底面面積是14π的立體圖形，所以高度=80π÷14π=40/7

  Example 2(1月真題回憶)：圓內有等腰三角形，其中一條邊是圓的直徑，圓半徑為5,求陰影部分面積

  Solution：陰影部分可以看成一個90°圓心角的扇形減去一個三角形之后的面積，扇形面積25π/4，三角形面積25/2，所以答案是25π/4-25/2。

  排列組合&概率

  排列組合作為GRE數學考試中的難點，涉及到的排列組合解題方法通常可以分為以下幾種：

  1: 直接代公式

  2: 分組抽選

  3: 依次討論

  4: 正難則反

  5: 捆綁問題

  6: 重復元素

  7: 逆推

  8: 圓桌排座

  Example 1(2月真題回憶)：填花圃，一共有5種顏色，顏色可以重復使用，最多兩種相同顏色，且 相同顏色不能相鄰，問有多少種組合方法?

  Solution：第一個位置有5種情況,第二個位置還有4種情況，第三個位置不能和第二個位置一樣但是可以和第一個位置一樣，所以有4種情況，所以一共的組合方法=5×4×4=80種。

  Example 2：At a dinner party, 5 people are to be seated around a circular table. Two seating arrangements are considered different only when the positions of the people are different relative to each other. What is the total number of different possible seating arrangements for the group?

  (A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 24 (D) 32 (E) 120

  Solution：這是一題典型的圓桌排座問題，根據圓桌排座公式，我們可以很快得到答案是C。

請加sunny老師（微信號：shnc_2018）

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