每周三的新航道名師說欄目

  特為廣大烤鴨、托友而設

  專門請資深雅思、托福專家

  以專題方式為大家講解各類備考干貨

  名師說

  對不少考生來說，雅思大作文寫作的主要痛點之一是“沒東西寫”。

  很多同學明明語法基礎不差，也有相當的復合句寫作能力，官考成績卻總是不盡人意。其中很大一部分原因在于，雅思大作文你犯了 “假”、“大”、“空”的毛病。

  而這一類“思維堵塞”的狀況，是可以通過一定的技巧進行短時強化和彌補的。今天，我們就來聊一聊關于大作文主體段落素材的三種定位技巧。

  01

  圈出關鍵詞，作分類或同義替換

  我們來看以下真題：

  When new towns are planned, it is important to build more public parks or sports facilities than shopping centres for people to spend their free time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(2016.4.16)

  大家可以把題目中的關鍵詞圈出來，此題中的關鍵詞有public parks, sports facilities, shopping centers, people, spare time，思考以下，這些詞可以如何替換或細分?

  比如，shopping centers 可以拓展為 shopping centers located in the downtown area, 或者 out-of-town shopping centers,。

  從商場所處的位置，就可以逐步拓展為市區郊區商場通常所具備的特點：比如市區的商場靠近人們的生活區(residential areas)，方便周邊居民的日常購物(daily necessities)需要;而郊區商場占地面積大(take up large construction areas)，品種更加豐富(a wider range of goods)，價格也相對更便宜(buy sth. At lower prices)，等等。

  換個關鍵詞，sports facilities, 每位同學可以思考體育設施有哪些?常見的場地設施有swimming pools, basketball courts, football pitches, gyms…等等，通過使用這類設施，人們可以減肥(lose weight)、減壓(reduce stress)、保持一種健康的生活方式(lead a healthy lifestyle)。

  九分達人中的段落范例：

  If public parks and sports facilities are planned when housing is built, those who wish to use them will be there. Public parks can help encourage children’s activities, picnics for all the family, and above all they provide a green space where trees can reduce the level of pollution. Sports facilities, such as swimming pools, golf courses, gyms, hockey pitches, all help to encourage people to keep fit and use their leisure time in a way that advocate a healthy lifestyle.

  02

  對題目中所涉及的人群對象作細分

  真題如下：

  Governments should offer financial support to the care of old people, while others think old people should save money for their own future life. Give your opinion on this topic. (2013.6.6)

  這道題中的關鍵詞有government, financial support, old people, save money 等，如果考生把重點放在對象分類上，也可以得出很多不同的老人群體，思考一下：什么樣的老人需要政府提供資金支持?

  不難得出，收入少的老人(those with limited amounts of income)，生活在貧困地區的老人(old-aged citizens in underdeveloped regions), 健康狀狂不好的老人 (old people who suffer from illness and diseases), 亟需政府幫助。

  九分達人范文分類實例如下(節選)：

  Firstly, despite the fact that people’s life in general has become much better, there are still many people who live below the average living standards, especially the people in underdeveloped areas, among whom old people are the poorest. These old people do have severe living pressure because they no longer work. Further financial pressure comes from the fact that their children may have inadequate means to help them, with many working people barely earning enough to make ends meet.

  提示：人群分類的常見指標有年齡、職業、地域、貧富、性別，等等， 考生尤其可以關注老、幼、貧等弱勢群體 (disadvantaged groups)。

  03

  人與人之間的基本關系是經濟關系

  學生由于年齡的特殊性，更多的是社會的消費者，對于經濟方面深層原因挖掘容易忽略，但“錢”這個點分析問題根源的時候，非常好用。

  比如社會性問題如果和個人家庭或機構企業有關系，我們可以從收入、支出、成本等方面分析;如果與政府、國家有關系，可以從稅收、財政支出等方面分析：

  In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (C12真題)

  從“錢”的角度考慮，建造城際鐵路的好處和問題分別可能是什么?

  好處：郊區地價便宜(much lower land prices)，一部分上班族(commuter)可以選擇郊區安居市區上班

  問題：城際鐵路造價不菲

  劍12范文節選如下：

  In addition, people tend to move further and further away from city centres, where land and houses are more affordable. High-speed rail allows these commuters to travel greater distances in a short amount of time. There is a flow-on effect here, because if we can reduce the number of cars on the road, we can also cut down on traffic jams and road delays.

  On the other hand, high-speed trains are expensive, and some believe this money could be spent repairing the existing forms of transport. Many cities, especially major ones, are facing an ever-expanding population and without an efficient traffic network, the communicating hours will be extremely painful for most city-dwellers. Another point that we should take into consideration is that not only motorways of a city could be upgraded, boats and ferries are also benefited from a budget focusing more on existing transport.

  以上三種為萬能素材定位方法，適用與大作文的任何話題類型。

  · 對關鍵詞的提煉分析，可以最大程度上避免偏題跑題的情況

  · 對人群的分類法則，體現學生的人文情懷和共情能力

  · 思考社會問題與經濟的關系，幫助作文增加深度

  總之，技巧建立在思考能力和社會閱歷之上，時間緊張的同學，可以根據劍橋真題和九分達人系列，多作提綱練習，經過一段時間的強化訓練，相信能夠在內容上與“假大空”說再見。