GRE作為申請(qǐng)美國(guó)研究生的必要條件之一，在GRE考試中，閱讀題的長(zhǎng)篇專業(yè)文章都會(huì)消耗考生大量時(shí)間，所以就需要長(zhǎng)期的積累和大量的閱讀。在備考中多數(shù)考生都缺乏對(duì)于原版專業(yè)讀物的閱讀量積累。眼界不夠開(kāi)闊，面對(duì)陌生話題的文章就容易出現(xiàn)各種水土不服。為了避免這種情況發(fā)生影響得分，上海新航道小編為大家每日更新精選GRE原版閱讀資料：無(wú)線互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將成為未來(lái)汽車發(fā)展方向。

The future of cars——Wireless wheels

Connected cars will make driving safer, cleaner and more efficient. Their introduction should be speeded up.

  SINCE Henry Ford turned it into a mass-market product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has boosted economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of fun. No wonder mankind has taken to the vehicle with such enthusiasm that there are now a billion automobiles on the world's roads.But the car has also brought many problems. It pollutes the air, creates congestion and kills people. An astonishing 1.24m people die, and as many as 50m are hurt, in road accidents each year. Drivers and passengers waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. In some car-choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.Fortunately, an emerging technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less prone to hold-ups (seeTechnology Quarterly). “Connected cars”—which may eventually evolve into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a human at the wheel—can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic-management systems, avoid pedestrians and other vehicles and find open parking spots.

汽車的未來(lái)：無(wú)線互聯(lián)汽車

聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車將讓駕駛更安全、環(huán)保、高效。應(yīng)當(dāng)加快介紹推廣。

  一個(gè)世紀(jì)之前，亨利福特實(shí)現(xiàn)了汽車的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)，自那以后汽車就就給我們帶來(lái)了諸多好處。它的出現(xiàn)促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，增加了社會(huì)流動(dòng)性，也給人們帶來(lái)了很多樂(lè)趣。這也就難怪人們對(duì)汽車會(huì)如此情有獨(dú)鐘了，因而現(xiàn)在有十億量汽車奔馳在世界各地的道路上。但是汽車也帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題。它會(huì)污染空氣，造成交通擁堵，帶來(lái)人員傷亡。在每年發(fā)生的交通事故中死亡人數(shù)高達(dá)124萬(wàn)人，也有500萬(wàn)人因此受傷。每年駕駛員和行人因?yàn)榻煌ǘ氯速M(fèi)的時(shí)間約為900億小時(shí)。在一些汽車密集的城市，有三分之一的汽油是用在了找停車位的路上。幸運(yùn)的是，一項(xiàng)新興的科技使得汽車更加安全，更環(huán)保也不易造成交通堵塞(另見(jiàn)科技季刊)“聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車”可能最終會(huì)進(jìn)化為無(wú)人駕駛，但是短時(shí)間內(nèi)還是需要人來(lái)駕駛，并且能通過(guò)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)去其他車輛和交通管制系統(tǒng)和相連，還能規(guī)避行人、車輛，找到開(kāi)放的空車位。

  Get smart

  Some parts of the transformation are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them maintain their distance and stay in a motorway lane automatically at a range of speeds, and recognise a parking space and slot into it. They are also getting mobile-telecoms connections: soon, all new cars in Europe will have to be able to alert the emergency services if their on-board sensors detect a crash. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls to smooth traffic flows during rush-hours; Britain is pioneering “smart motorways”, whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a similar effect. Combined, these innovations could create a much more efficient system in which cars and their drivers are constantly alerted to hazards and routed around blockages, traffic always flows at the optimum speed and vehicles can join up into “platoons” on the motorways, travelling closer together, yet with less risk of crashing.Just as regulation has helped increase fuel efficiency, cut exhaust fumes and introduce anti-skid equipment, so government involvement is needed to get the connected car on the road. It is beginning to happen. Earlier this year, Europe's standards-setting agencies aGREed a common set of protocols for cars and traffic infrastructure to communicate. Others should follow. Governments should then set firm deadlines for all new cars to be fully connected and capable of platooning, and a date for existing cars to be retrofitted with a basic locator beacon and the ability to receive hazard warnings.If cars are to connect, new infrastructure will have to be built. Roads and parking spaces will need sensors to monitor them; motorways will need dedicated lanes for platooning. But this will not necessarily be expensive. Upgrading traffic signals so they can be controlled remotely by a central traffic-management system is a lot cheaper than building new roads.The sooner these changes are made, and cars are plugged into a smart traffic grid, the quicker Singaporean variable pricing—for parking as well as road use—can become the norm. Motorists will then have the incentive, as well as the ability, to avoid the busiest places at the busiest times, and the dreadful toll that roads take in human lives should start falling.In the past, more people driving meant more roads, more jams, more death and more fumes. In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.

  智能化

  轉(zhuǎn)型中的某些部分已經(jīng)到位。 許多新車都安裝了新的設(shè)備，這些新設(shè)備能保持車距，并讓車輛以一定的速度自動(dòng)保持在高速公路車道內(nèi)行駛，也能識(shí)別到空車位插入。這些汽車也搭載了移動(dòng)電信鏈接設(shè)備：很快，如果歐洲新車的機(jī)載傳感器檢測(cè)到碰撞時(shí)，那么它們必須能夠觸發(fā)應(yīng)急服務(wù)。 新加坡在控制交通擁堵上走在了前面，通過(guò)浮動(dòng)收費(fèi)的方式保障高峰時(shí)段車流的順暢通行; 英國(guó)則是采用“智能高速公路”的先驅(qū)，通過(guò)對(duì)汽車行駛速度的浮動(dòng)限制達(dá)到與新加坡的方法類似的效果。 綜合所有這些創(chuàng)新手段就可以創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更有效的系統(tǒng)，在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)下不論是汽車還是駕駛員都能不斷的得到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)警告并避開(kāi)擁堵路段，使得車流始終保持在最佳速度，所有車輛都能加入成排得行駛在高速公路上，車距小但是發(fā)生車禍的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更小。

  正如監(jiān)管有助于提高燃油效率，減少尾氣排放并引進(jìn)防滑設(shè)備，那么為了讓更多的聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車上路，政府的參與也是必要的。 這也已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。今年早些時(shí)候，歐洲的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定機(jī)構(gòu)同意為汽車及交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施之前的通信制定一個(gè)共同的協(xié)議。 其他的也都將按此執(zhí)行。各國(guó)政府也應(yīng)設(shè)定所有新車聯(lián)網(wǎng)和成排管理的最后期限。并為現(xiàn)有的汽車設(shè)定一個(gè)期限完成基本的定位改裝，能夠接受危險(xiǎn)警告。

  如果汽車都連了網(wǎng)，那么也需要修建新的配套基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。 道路和停車位都需要傳感器來(lái)來(lái)監(jiān)控; 高速公路需要專用車道來(lái)成排管理。 但是這并不需要投入大量資金。更新交通信號(hào)使他們能夠通過(guò)一個(gè)中央流量管理系統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)程控制，這比起新建道路便宜不少。

  如果能越早完成這些改進(jìn)，將汽車連接到智能交通網(wǎng)格，那么新加坡施行的停車和道路浮動(dòng)收費(fèi)的方法將會(huì)成為常態(tài)。 那么駕駛員將有動(dòng)力也有能力在高峰期避開(kāi)擁堵路段。那么人們生活中可怕的交通費(fèi)支出也會(huì)下降。

  在過(guò)去，開(kāi)車的人越多意味著更多路也更添堵。因?yàn)檐嚨溗劳龅娜艘矔?huì)更多，尾氣也更多。而在未來(lái)，聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車可以在讓人們享受奔馳在路上的同時(shí)少一些痛苦。

  上面就是本次的GRE閱讀文章，小編會(huì)定期跟新每日的閱讀內(nèi)容，另外，我們也有開(kāi)設(shè)上海GRE培訓(xùn)班哦!

請(qǐng)加sunny老師（微信號(hào)：shnc_2018）

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