在這一節(jié)前面很多內(nèi)容都是關(guān)于純語法的內(nèi)容，但是SAT的語法考試是在一篇文章里挖掘一些考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行測(cè)試的，因此不免還會(huì)遇到一些考查單詞意思的題目。

  一些常用的近義詞要搞清楚，尤其是在意思上細(xì)微的差距。

  例題1

  As fun as it is to have company, my best hunts have been solitude trips.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. solitarily

  C. solitaire

  D. solo

  解析1

  B是副詞不可以用來修飾名詞

  AC確實(shí)是表示單獨(dú)的，但是不好

  D中solo trip用來表示搭配單程

  因此D

  例題2

  Forten’s knowledge of ships, gained from his experiences as a sailor during the war, paid off. He rose to the position of foreman, and in 1798. Forten bought the sailmaker’s business.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. had arose

  C. had rose

  D. raised

  解析2

  BC時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，整個(gè)句子都是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，句子中沒有任何語言標(biāo)志的詞可以表達(dá)完成時(shí)態(tài)。

  AD在意思上差距還是很大的，只是拼寫類似。

  因此A

  除了動(dòng)詞之外，我們還應(yīng)該關(guān)注的是動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的變化，如過去式和過去分詞。此外我們還需要關(guān)注一些形容詞和副詞的辨析。

  本節(jié)練習(xí)

  Uncovered at Johnson’s Shut-Ins

  In Reynolds County, Missouri, a one-billion-gallon blast of [1]water caused by a breach of the Taum Saunk reservoir roared down Proffit Mountain into the east fork of the Black River on December 14, 2005. [2]They ripped a channel through Johnson’s Shut-Ins, one of Missouri’s most popular state parks. Though flood damage marred the [3]parks beauty for a time, the scar the raging water left in its wake [4]specifically revealed over a billion years’ worth of Earth’s geologic history.

  The area known today as Johnson’s Shut-Ins State Park [5]had began to develop 1.5 billion years [6]ago. When the volcanoes that created the St. Francois Mountains exploded. Slow-moving magma [7]cooled down its temperature and crystallized to [8]form silica-rich rhyolite rock. Over time sedimentary rock such as limestone and shale, formed from material deposited by shallow inland seas, buried the rhyolite. After the seas had receded, gravel-rich rivers and streams eventually chipped away the soft sedimentary rock in some areas, exposing the erosion-resistant rhyolite rock and creating pockets and pits. In low places, the Black River was confined ([9]or ”shut in”) by the [10]rhyolite and creating the natural waterslides and canyon-like gorges that have become a summer playground for thousands of visitors.

  Although the flood left the shut-ins unscathed, the surge of water that tore through the park in 2005 stripped away all trees, soil, and sedimentary rock [11]in its path. Left behind is a channel that is composed of granite –and previously unexposed rhyolite rock- and [12]contain rocks from at least three other geological eras. The menacing floodwaters also revealed a half-billion-year-old beach made of both sand and gravel.

  Five years of work has restored most of the park surrounding the shut-ins. [13]Some have returned [14]back. Geologists from around the world visit to get a close look at the ancient volcanic rock along what has been named the “Scour Channel”. The “Scour Channel” now rivals the park’s other geologic curiosities for most frequently visited site.

  SAT語法詳細(xì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：語義規(guī)則(練習(xí)+解析)

  1. A. NO CHANGE

  B. water caused by,

  C. water caused, by

  D. water, caused by

  2. A. NO CHANGE

  B. That they

  C. With

  D. It

  3. A. NO CHANGE

  B. park’s beauty for a time,

  C. parks’ beauty for a time,

  D. park’s beauty for a time

  4. A. NO CHANGE

  B. ultimately

  C. instead

  D. thus

  5. A. NO CHANGE

  B. begun developing

  C. began to develop

  D. begun to develop

  6. A. NO CHANGE

  B. ago; when

  C. ago when

  D. ago

  7. A. NO CHANGE

  B. cooled down to a lower temperature

  C. lowered its temperature to cool

  D. cooled

  8. A. NO CHANGE

  B. form silica-rich, rhyolite,

  C. form silica-rich rhyolite,

  D. form, silica-rich rhyolite

  9. The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion. Should the underlined portion be kept or deleted?

  A. Kept, because it describes how people feel when they visit the park.

  B. Kept, because it suggests the inspiration for the park’s name.

  C. Deleted, because it makes an informal observation that is not consistent with the essay’s tone.

  D. Deleted, because it interrupts the sentence’s description of the Black River.

  10. A. NO CHANGE

  B. rhyolite; creating

  C. rhyolite, creating

  D. rhyolite, created

  11. A. NO CHANGE

  B. on their

  C. in their

  D. on its

  12. A. NO CHANGE

  B. have contained

  C. are containing

  D. contains

  13. A. NO CHANGE

  B. Those who are nuts about the outdoors

  C. Swimmer, hiker, and campers

  D. All types of outdoorsy people

  14. A. NO CHANGE

  B. by coming back to the park.

  C. to revisit the park.

  D. Delete the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period.

  答案

  1. 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)

  B、C、D中caused by a breach of the Taum Sauk reservoir是修飾主語的，要么兩端都加上逗號(hào)成為插入語要不就不能加標(biāo)點(diǎn)。因此A

  2. 考查指代

  F、G前文的莪術(shù)是a blast of water是單數(shù)名詞，不能用復(fù)數(shù)的代詞指代，H選項(xiàng)只能在從句中指代。因此J

  3. 考查所有格

  D選項(xiàng)主句和從句之間沒有標(biāo)點(diǎn)隔開，A沒有所有格兩個(gè)名詞連續(xù)使用，C選項(xiàng)前面已經(jīng)說了是one of parks因此復(fù)數(shù)所有格錯(cuò)誤。因此B

  4. 考查句子意思

  F選項(xiàng)表示特別地，不符合句意;G選項(xiàng)可以;H選項(xiàng)instead的意思是通過though表達(dá)出來的;J選項(xiàng)是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。因此G

  5. 考查時(shí)態(tài)

  A沒有表示過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志、B、D都是過去分詞而不是過去式。因此C

  6. 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)

  F后句不，G后句不完整J，修飾時(shí)間狀語的句子缺乏一個(gè)連接的詞。因此H

  7. 考查句子簡(jiǎn)潔

  A、B、C都說下降溫度，cool包含了這個(gè)意思。因此D

  8. 考查標(biāo)點(diǎn)

  J動(dòng)詞和賓語之間的標(biāo)點(diǎn)影響句子連續(xù)性，G、H形容詞修飾名詞不需要逗號(hào)間隔。因此F

  9. 考查句子意思

  這個(gè)shut in起到一個(gè)輔助說明的作用，應(yīng)該得到表明C、D。A、B都沒有錯(cuò)A確實(shí)和人們的感受B確實(shí)和名字相關(guān)B與文章聯(lián)系更加緊密。因此B

  10. 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)

  F中creating不能做謂語動(dòng)詞G分號(hào)重置句子后面補(bǔ)完整H現(xiàn)在分詞修飾J過去分詞修飾，主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系不對(duì)。因此H

  11. 考查指代

  B、C指代的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是park是單數(shù)名詞，D介詞錯(cuò)誤。因此A

  12. 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)

  破折號(hào)里面是插入語可以不用看，contain的主語是channel，因此F、G、H主謂不一致，錯(cuò)誤。因此J

  13. 考查指代

  A指代不明確B中those指代不明確D回來的是人而不是types因此C

  14. 考查句子簡(jiǎn)潔

  F和return意思重復(fù)G同F(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤Hreturn有revisit的意思。因此J

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