在SAT議論文寫作中，經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到對比的寫作手法，去比較兩個(gè)話題、觀點(diǎn)和事物的不同之處，通過鮮明的對比來達(dá)到說服的目的。那么對比(contrast)在議論文中具體是如何發(fā)揮它的說服作用的，今天新航道SAT寫作小編帶大家就一起來看看什么是對比(contrast)?

  if you contrast one thing with another, you point out or consider the differences between those things.

  簡單說，對比就是比較兩個(gè)事物的不同之處，以達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。比如官方指南第四篇寫作題 Let There Be Dark 中有這樣一句話：

  And too little darkness, meaning too much artificial light at night, spells trouble for all.

  在這句話中，作者使用了對比的修辭手法，黑夜的減少和人工照明的增加形成了一個(gè)鮮明的對比，從而突出了黑夜的重要性。

  對比常見的修辭效果是什么?

  1)澄清觀點(diǎn)

  to elucidate ideas and clear their meanings

  2)加強(qiáng)觀點(diǎn)

  opposite and contrasting ideas shock the audience, heighten drama and are memorable for readers.

  3)平衡觀點(diǎn)

  contrasting ideas produce balanced structures.

  常用句型如下：

  What the author does?

  The author employs a distinct contrast…

  The author contrasts the fact with another…

  In contrast to…

  Why he or she does it?

  …to highlight a paradox…

  This tool is utilized to establish an emphasis on…

  What effect this is likely to have on readers?

  …contribute to the sense that…

  …clarify the concepts for the readers.

  如何用3W原則

  對contrast展開深度分析?

  如何使用3W原則來分析一篇議論文中的contrast呢，我們一起看個(gè)例子吧~

  We were taking the black young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them eight thousand miles away to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in southwest Georgia and East Harlem. And so we have been repeatedly faced with the cruel irony of watching Negro and white boys on TV screens as they kill and die together for a nation that has been unable to seat them together in the same schools. And so we watch them in brutal solidarity burning the huts of a poor village, but we realize that they would hardly live on the same block in Chicago. ( 原文選自：Beyond Vietnam — A Time to Break Silence.)

  分 析

  King sees young black men, denied their rights at home, sent 8,000 miles “to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia”; Negro and white boys, who cannot study at the same schools in the US,“kill and die together” in Vietnam; boys who cannot live in the same Chicago neighborhood burn huts abroad in “brutal solidarity”. Dichotomies of contrasting images allow King to show how the war highlights state hypocrisy and the moral inconsistencies of segregation.(范文摘自《新SAT寫作官方題庫與范文》中國出版集團(tuán)中譯出版社)

  原文如何體現(xiàn)3W原則

  首先范文分析了原文作者在此處使用了一個(gè)對比的寫作手法(Dichotomies of contrasting images)，即將黑人在國內(nèi)無法與白人享受平等權(quán)利的事實(shí)同在國外一起奔赴戰(zhàn)場，去追求所謂自由的事實(shí)做了一個(gè)對比。

  緊接著，范文分析了這一手法的修辭目的(allow King to show…) 即通過對比，向觀眾揭露了政府虛偽和出爾反爾的真面目。

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