每周三的名師說欄目

  特為廣大烤鴨、托友而設

  專門請資深雅思、托福專家

  以專題方式為大家講解各類備考干貨

  前四期還沒看過的可以戳鏈接看回顧

  名師說第一期|目標雅思口語7分該怎樣練習?

  名師說第二期|雅思語法中容易混淆的概念

  名師說第三期|托福寫作該怎么舉例子?

  名師說第四期|三步教你搞定托福口語task1的三選一題型

  今天第五期為我們帶來干貨內容的是

  上海新航道托福閱讀導師—易艷

  她為我們帶來的內容是

  托福閱讀簡化句子題

  易艷

  北京語言大學教育學碩士

  剛開始接觸托福閱讀的你，看到一長段文章是不是瑟瑟發抖?拿到簡化句子題是不是經常被長難句繞得云里霧里，不知道從哪里入手?別急，莫慌!今天我們就以TPO21 Passage2 Question5為例，告訴你怎么抽絲剝繭，讓你撥云見日看到答案的曙光。

  第一步：剝邏輯

  拿到原句和四個選項，我們先把邏輯“剝”一遍，看看四個選項和陰影里的原句在邏輯上是否一致。

  簡化句子題里常見的邏輯關系有兩種：因果邏輯和轉折邏輯。這兩種邏輯關系，想必你都不陌生，但是需要注意的是，因果邏輯關系詞除了because和so這兩個老朋友之外，你還需要盡快熟悉due to、owing to、lead to、thereby、therefore、thus、allowing for等新朋友;轉折邏輯關系詞除了but和however，你還需要把while、whereas、despite、though、nevertheless等謹記于心。

  那現在我們一起來看看陰影里的原句用的是什么邏輯關系詞，出現的又是哪種邏輯：

  The temperature increased dramatically in ashort period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth ofthe hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources.

  原句里用的邏輯關系詞是allowing for和due to，表示因果邏輯。

  我們再看四個選項：

  A. The resources needed by the growinghunting and gathering population increased rapidly once temperatures rose.

  B. Dramatic temperature increases and thesimultaneous growth of the hunting and gathering population led to the need formore resources.

  C. Higher temperatures led to the existenceof increased resources, thus enabling the hunting and gathering population togrow.

  D. The dramatic temperature increaseoccurred during the few years when abundant resources allowed the hunting andgathering population to grow.

  四個選項里跟原句邏輯關系一致，有因果邏輯關系詞的是B選項和C選項。B選項用的因果邏輯關系詞是led to, C選項用的因果邏輯關系詞是led to和thus。

  第二步：剝結構、語義

  經過上一步剝邏輯以后，我們確定優先要比對的選項是B和C，接下來就要把原句和選項的結構、語義剝出來進行比對，確定正確答案。

  The temperature increased dramatically in ashort period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth ofthe hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources.

  翻譯：溫度在短時間內急劇增長，使得人口由于資源的豐富得到了增長。

  原因：溫度的增長和資源的豐富

  結果：人口的增長

  B. Dramatic temperature increases and thesimultaneous growth of the hunting and gathering population led to the need formore resources.

  翻譯：急劇的溫度增長以及同時的人口數量增長導致了對更多資源的需求。

  原因：溫度增長和人口數量增長

  結果：更多資源的需求

  C. Higher temperatures led to the existenceof increased resources, thus enabling the hunting and gathering population togrow.

  翻譯：更高的溫度導致了增長的資源，從而導致了人口數量的增長。

  原因：更高的溫度，增長的資源

  結果：人口數量的增長

  通過上面我們對原句和選項在結構、語義上的比對發現，B選項出現了因果倒置的情況，C選項和原文一致是正確答案。

  自己來練習下吧~

  這就是托福閱讀簡化句子題抽絲剝繭的過程，你學會了嗎?來試試把下面這個題目的答案剝出來吧。

  TPO3 Passage2 Question3

  原句：Estimates indicate that the aquifercontains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiaridclimatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition tothe aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.

  A. Despite the current impressive size ofthe Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keeps the rates of water additionvery small.

  B. Although the aquifer has been addingwater at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventuallyaccumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.

  C. Because of the region’s present climaticconditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.

  D. Even when the region experiencesunfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue toincrease.

  今天的講解就到這里啦~

  這樣“剝”的方式你get了嗎?

上海新航道寒假班火熱報名中~~~

更多優惠等著您來！！