每周三新航道上海學校 名師說欄目

  特為廣大烤鴨、托友而設(shè)

  專門請資深雅思、托福專家

  以專題方式為大家講解各類備考干貨

  前幾期還沒看過的可以戳鏈接看回顧

  名師說第一期|目標雅思口語7分該怎樣練習?

  名師說第二期|雅思語法中容易混淆的概念

  名師說第三期|托福寫作該怎么舉例子?

  名師說第四期|三步教你搞定托福口語task1的三選一題型

  名師說第五期|教你解決托福閱讀簡化句子題

  名師說第六期|托福聽力之生僻的學科詞匯真的不要背!

  名師說第七期|詳解托福閱讀推理題

  名師說第八期|托福口語拿滿分?可以!

  今天第九期為我們帶來干貨內(nèi)容的是

  托福閱讀導師—易艷

  易艷

  北京語言大學教育學碩士

  2016年度新航道上海學校金牌教師

  曾赴英國謝菲爾德大學交換學習一年

  在線拆解托福閱讀細節(jié)題

  細節(jié)題是托福閱讀中除了詞匯題外出題量最多的題型，是考生備考的時候需要重點關(guān)注的主流題型。

  細節(jié)題在考察能力上相對來說比較簡單，就是考察同義替換的能力，考生需要分辨哪一個選項跟原文是在用不同的表達方式表達同一個意思，因此細節(jié)題也是所有考生都需要盡量得分的題型。

  正因為細節(jié)題考察的是同義替換的能力，考生在做題的時候就需要切記，不要開腦洞發(fā)散思維給自己加戲，一旦想得太多，最后正確率很可能涼涼。

  01、看到細節(jié)題我們應該做什么

  拿到細節(jié)題，我們要做的第一件事情是根據(jù)題干里的關(guān)鍵信息確認好對應的原文，接下去就是精讀原文對應的那句話，然后分析四個選項，看哪個選項是原文的同義替換。

  02、以TPO16 Passage1 Question1為例

  我們以TPO16 Passage1 Question1為例來具體看一下細節(jié)題的拆解過程：

  Paragraph 1: Trade was the mainstay of the urban economy in the Middle East, as caravans negotiated the surrounding desert, restricted only by access to water and by mountain ranges. This has been so since ancient times, partly due to the geology of the area, which is mostly limestone and sandstone, with few deposits of metallic ore and other useful materials. Ancient demands for obsidian (a black volcanic rock useful for making mirrors and tools) led to trade with Armenia to the north, while jade for cutting tools was brought from Turkistan, and the precious stone lapis lazuli was imported from Afghanistan. One can trace such expeditions back to ancient Sumeria, the earliest known Middle Eastern civilization. Records show merchant caravans and trading posts set up by the Sumerians in the surrounding mountains and deserts of Persia and Arabia, where they traded grain for raw materials, such as timber and stones, as well as for metals and gems.

  Q：According to paragraph 1, why has trade been so important throughout the history of the Middle East?

  A. The rare and valuable metals and stones found in Middle Eastern deserts have always been in high demand in surrounding areas.

  B. Growing conditions throughout the Middle East are generally poor, forcing Middle Eastern people to depend on imported grain.

  C. Many useful and decorative raw materials cannot be found naturally in the Middle East but are available from neighboring regions.

  D. Frequent travel, due to limited water supplies in the Middle East, created many opportunities for trade with neighboring societies.

  首先根據(jù)題干里的關(guān)鍵詞trade，the history of the Middle East找到對應的原文是第一句和第二句。

  又因為題目問的是 why，我們需要在原文找到對應的因果邏輯，原文的第二句話出現(xiàn)了因果關(guān)系邏輯詞due to，因此我們需要精讀的是第二句話。

  第二句話的意思是說“自從古代以來就是如此，部分是由于這個地區(qū)的地質(zhì)，大部分是石灰石和砂巖，幾乎沒有金屬的礦藏和其他有用的材料”。

  A選項的意思是說在中東沙漠里找到的稀有、有價值的金屬和石頭在周邊地區(qū)有高的需求。和原文表達的意思相反，不選。

  B選項的意思是說整個中東生長的條件通常比較貧瘠，迫使中東人依賴進口的谷物。原文未提及，不選。

  C選項的意思是說很多有用以及裝飾性的材料不能夠在中東的自然里找到但是可以在鄰近地區(qū)獲得。和原文意思一致，正確答案是C。

  D選項的意思是說由于中東有限的水的供應，頻繁的出行創(chuàng)造了很多跟鄰近社會貿(mào)易的機會。原文未提及，不選。

  這就是細節(jié)題的拆解過程，記得做題關(guān)鍵：同義替換，勿加戲!

  今天的講解就到這里啦~

  你都學會了嗎?

  對這篇文章有任何問題

  或者下一期想聽哪位老師講解

  想聽關(guān)于雅思、托福、SAT的什么干貨

  都歡迎留言~

  小航一定會竭盡所能為大家答疑解惑!

  名師說下期預告

  托福聽力：為什么總是聽不懂?