亚洲国产电影_亚洲天堂久久新_久久久久久成人_国产高清免费视频_亚洲不卡在线_在线观看免费黄色片

　　

SAT備考總體思路與詞匯篇

 

網(wǎng)上瘋傳一篇SAT牛人備考經(jīng)驗談，該文作者獲得SAT考試滿分2400, 閱讀分數(shù)短期內(nèi)從500飛躍到800，最終被哈佛大學錄取。對此有的同學感嘆：這個人真的好強!!有的同學搖頭：這個人純屬吹牛，方法太玄!! 2013年，三位經(jīng)我輔導的北京學生被Cornell大學錄取。對比他們的成功經(jīng)驗，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這位牛人的方法可行，英語值得學習(請數(shù)數(shù)本文用了幾個vouch for——證實，與attest to, verify, testify to, substantiate, certify, corroborate, warrant, validate等構(gòu)成一個龐大的同義詞群)。在下文中，該文的英語原文在前，我的中文點評在后。請注意英語原文的劃線部分。

 

Do you want to learn the most infallible and least error-prone method of attacking the SAT Critical Reading Section? Learn from someone who knows. I was accepted into Harvard with a 2400 (that sounds pretentious but you should know where I'm coming from). I first have to tell you that achieving a great score on SAT CR is not easy and there's no single silver bullet. As with everything, this method requires repeated practice and experimentation before results can show. Please read on as I share with you my successful method of tackling CR.

 

作者：牛人背景華麗，讓人羨慕妒忌恨。不過，“No pains, no gains.”

 

戰(zhàn)略上要積極應(yīng)對

 

Step 1. Let's start with the approach. You have probably encountered people in your daily life who snidely demean the SAT or at least the experience of taking the SAT. However, you must approach this important experience with a fundamentally different mindset. Okay, perhaps the SAT is a test full of tricks --- a test purely to be gamed. If so, however, learning to work within a system is a very valuable skill to have in life. Furthermore, I believe that the fundamental basis of the SAT is not its tricks, but its call for a rapid comprehension of certain situations, a supple maneuverability, and a positive approach to the material. After all, a multiple-choice test with any semblance of difficulty can be said to contain tricks. How good is your knowledge if you can't manipulate a small challenge? Don't demean your opponent - that's a recipe for disaster. The last quality, a positive approach to the material, is the most important and the one you can control the easiest. However, it does not come naturally (as can be seen with scores of grumbling teens) and takes reinforcing.

 

作者：戰(zhàn)略上要積極應(yīng)對——視SAT考試為機遇，而不是視其為障礙和刁難。說起來容易做起來難，但是討厭或害怕一門考試或考試的某一項對備考極其不利。不要害怕面對自己的弱點，不要自暴自棄。認真對待才是正道。羅斯福說：“我們真正要害怕的是害怕本身”，以此重振極度絕望的美國民眾的信心。在5,000年考試智慧熏陶下的中國同學一定能完勝SAT。

 

戰(zhàn)術(shù)上要換位思考

 

Step 2. A second word about approach: You didn't pay College Board 45 bucks so that you could be nice. When you're faced with five choices on a question, you've got to be ruthless. Stop internally justifying why one answer could be right, and instead make the shift to asking yourself why that answer could be wrong - play Devil's Advocate, as clichéd as that may sound. I can't tell you enough how much this shift in thinking has helped me when I have been stuck between two seemingly correct choices. Despite appearances, all choices ARE different and one is certainly the best, or else College Board would be losing thousands of dollars to successful lawsuits. Keep this in mind. You have got to find the right answer and I will show you how.

 

作者：戰(zhàn)術(shù)上要換位思考(play Devil's Advocate)——從命題人的角度分析答案的對錯，思考正確選項的編寫方法與錯誤選項的干擾陷阱。

 

詞匯上要力求精準

 

Step 3. It is my intention to focus mostly on the long reading passages in this How-To, since that is where the majority of the CR questions lie and since these questions give many test-takers a higher level of grief. For sentence completions, my biggest advice is to stop wasting your time on tricks, to buckle down, and to start attacking vocabulary lists. Direct Hits is vouched for by many and proven to be most effective, though I personally usedPrinceton Review's Word Smart I and II cover to cover (perhaps not as efficient as the previously mentioned title). One problem is retention, so what I did was that I made flashcards for every word I didn't know in the book (it came out to about 1000 words). It takes a long time, but it pays off for the SAT, your reading, your writing, and your life. Only if you really know the words will you be able to confidently answer sentence completions (and consummately schmooze at cocktail parties). For the short passages, it's all about absorbing the small paragraphs as efficiently as you can before going on to answer the questions. They're considerably easier if you keep your mind, and obsessing about the short passages (going back to double or triple check) is a huge time drain. Most of the time, it's a quick fact check paired with a tone question. If you practice a lot on long passages, short passages will be an easy relief for you.

 

作者：詞匯上要力求精準。SAT是監(jiān)獄，詞匯能打開它的大門。背單詞的時間永遠不夠，所以背單詞要做到：只背對的，不背累的，即集中精力背常考的核心詞匯和同義詞群(如上述的“證實”詞群)，不背幾乎不考的偏僻詞匯。再輔之以真題中出現(xiàn)的詞匯的復習(請參考《SAT真詞匯》)，拿下高分并不難。文中提到的Princeton Review的Word Smart的上下兩冊不錯，類似Barron’s 3, 500，有注釋，有例句，還有練習，個人覺得比 Barron’s 3, 500更精準;文中提到的Direct Hits收集的詞匯也比較精準。如文中所說，對于不認識的詞匯，可以寫在單詞卡片上背誦，一面兒寫英文和注釋，另一面兒寫中文和例句。請記住：SAT考試比耐力，更比效率，所以一定要選擇最有效的備考方法。

 

 

　SAT備考閱讀篇

 

閱讀上要講方法

 

Step 4. Now, onto the long passages. I had loads of trouble with these before I found this method. I am going to give you my step-by-step method of attacking them, which I have found extremely effective, albeit somewhat more time-consuming. Before anything, you MUST read the short blurb before the passage. It gives you a sense (though always limited) not only of what the passage is going to be about, but also of the position and possible tone of the author. You will then be able to perhaps place yourself into the author's shoes. This is a good point right now to tell you that you MUST love the passage you are reading. Force yourself to love it - throw yourself into the passage with gusto. It works. Though it's quite ludicrous to be super-enthusiastic about a boy and his alfafa patch, with your enthusiasm comes retention, heightened focus, and an oddly vicarious interest in the passage. My general mental approach was a huge contributing factor in my getting an 800 in CR and a 2400 on the SAT.

 

作者：閱讀上要講方法。閱讀最難，也有方法。是否有效，因人而異。第一步，閱讀文章開始的斜體部分(blurb)，對文章的主題、作者、段落關(guān)系有所了解。這是沒錯的。至于是否能像原文中說的那樣與閱讀文章發(fā)生戀愛關(guān)系，因人而異。以欣賞的心情去讀一篇文章無疑更容易進入角色，更容易理解原文的內(nèi)容。心理學研究表明，帶著抵觸情緒去讀一篇文章肯定不利于迅速理解其內(nèi)容。而且，平時的閱讀情緒對個人能否持之以恒的影響很大。這和練托福閱讀與托福聽力如出一轍。如果討厭原文，就很難做下去。我常常把做閱讀視為增加知識、提升語言的手段。看到這樣的額外好處，學習動力應(yīng)該更大。

 

讀原文要有章法

 

Step 5. After you have read that thrilling blurb, don't start reading the passage yet. Quickly jump to the questions, and as fast as you can, skim every question for line numberreferences (don't read the choices or the full question yet). On some passages almost every single question has a line reference - on most others it's about over half. Very rarely will you see a passage with question without any line references (perhaps only rarely on a six question passage). Anyway, once you see a line reference (In lines 23-25 of the passage, the author is saying that...), you should bracket not the lines, but the sentence contained within the lines. This mark-up will allow you to focus in on that sentence once you begin to read the passage. Based on the question, you want to make a small annotation. For this question: (In lines 23-25 of the passage, the author is saying that...), you might make the annotation MEANING next to your marked-up sentence. Other annotations might include: SAYS THIS BECAUSE, REFERS TO, HOW SIMILAR TO PASSAGE 1, BACKS UP WHAT BEFORE (think crude caveman notations - they're more efficient). Go through all of the questions. Perhaps some of the references will not have any line numbers. If you see (In the last paragraph...), just put brackets around the last paragraph along with an annotation. If you see a general question referring to the passage as a whole, on the question circle the number of the question with a large circle. This means it's a general question and must be answered AFTER all the specific questions. I find this is always a very comfortable way of attacking the questions based on how College Board writes these questions.

 

作者：讀原文要有章法。看問題，括句子，寫提示。這是看完斜體部分之后做的事情。瀏覽問題，不看選項，將原文對應(yīng)的句子括起來，并在原文旁寫下問題的類型，如問“為何這么說”、“這句話的功能是什么”等，標記要簡明，如以“為什么”表示問原因等。對于涉及全文的問題，可以畫圓圈，留待最后回答。是否在原文標注帶行數(shù)的句子因人而異。如果選擇做標注，一定要迅速完成。

 

閱讀要講詳略

 

Step 6. Once you have marked up all the line references as fast as humanly possible, then the real art begins. You must read the passage. There is no way around reading every single word. But HOW you read it is the true art. Read the unmarked sections quickly yet efficiently, absorbing it briefly but not truly pausing to analyze. ONCE you hit a marked section, slow down and absorb it. If you feel that it would not disrupt your flow to answer the corresponding question, do so. If not, keep going a little more. A vast majority of the line reference questions (even complex ones such as inferences) can be answered after reading from the beginning to the point of reference. In a few instances, it may help to read past the point of reference, but NEVER read the whole passage through without pausing to answer questions. Your retention will be terrible and it's much better to handle the passage in small, manageable chunks. Also, when you answer a question, just circle in the answer in the test booklet. DO NOT BUBBLE IN THE ANSWERS UNTIL YOU FINISH THE ENTIRE PAGE, SOMETIMES EVEN THE PASSAGE. This is a huge time saver and it prevents you from making bubbling mistakes. The time saved is not necessarily the time difference in bubbling, but the time saved because it prevented you from breaking your focus. This is very important in CR. Don't break focus. If you're very low on time, however, you can bubble as you go.

 

作者：閱讀要講詳略。真正的挑戰(zhàn)是如何閱讀原文。對于無句子標注的部分，要略讀，迅速吸收意思;對于有句子標注的部分，可以讀得仔細一些，而且，在不破壞閱讀連貫性的前提下，同時秒殺閱讀部分對應(yīng)的題目。假如不太適應(yīng)邊讀邊做題，可以等讀完一整段再做題。另外，每選好一個答案就在答案冊上填涂一個。第一個建議可以接受，第二個建議可以接受，也可以以三個為一組填涂答案。

 

 

　SAT備考答案與練習篇

 

答案必須對應(yīng)原文

 

Step 7. Once you have tackled all the line and paragraph references ruthlessly, you should have already finished reading the entire passage and because you had focused in on the passage in numerous instances, you should also be well-equipped to answer your circled general questions. I always find it's easier to answer these general question at this point, seeing as how you hit up the passage numerous times already along the way. Remember to never choose an answer unless you can truly back it up with evidence from the passage. Even "inferences" do not stray far from the text. If they did, then the "best answer" would be up in the air. Do not be misled by the word "inference" - it's a misnomer. A large number of these can actually be pulled straight from the passage. It's all about the passage - not what you think or have learned thus far in school. Being one with a text and not extracting too much from it is a valuable skill to learn. Don't put words into the author's mouth. Another very helpful thing to remember when viewing the choices is that extreme choices (including the words ALWAYS, NEVER, or BEST) are rarely ever correct because they fall under the hard-to-prove category of generalization within inductive reasoning. Though you've heard this tip many times and it sounds obvious, it is so helpful (yet easy to forget) and you often find yourself internally justifying these kinds of generalizing answers. Just say no (in a ruthless yet eternally positive way).

 

作者：答案必須對應(yīng)原文。SAT閱讀命題的主要原則是“對應(yīng)思維”，80%以上的問題答案都能在原文直接找到，即使是號稱“推斷題”(inference)的問題，它們的答案也直接對應(yīng)原文或針對原文做反向思考。因此，發(fā)散性思維不適合SAT考試，對應(yīng)原文才是正道。除了“對應(yīng)原文”的直接做法以外，還可以排除干擾選項，如文中提到的一些含有“極端意義”的選項(如best等)。

 

反復練習才是王道

 

Step 8. My method of tackling long passages is somewhat time-consuming, but time is something that can be reduced through assiduous practice. This method is so effective in getting the right answer, and I fully vouch for it from personal experience. What I also did during practice was that I gave myself twenty minutes instead of twenty-five in the standard CR sections, and I rapidly tried to utilize my developed method. It was extremely difficult to meet the twenty-minute deadline at first but I got better and better at it through practice. While time can be addressed easily through practice, a fundamentally bad approach to the passages cannot. You should try out this method if you are having trouble with CR passages - be open. This method was THE contributing factor for my rise from a 500 to an 800 in CR. Thanks, and tell your friends about this article. Good luck!

 

作者：反復練習才是王道。假如選定了一個方法，可以試用，如果基本適合，就應(yīng)該多練習，直至極為嫻熟。當然，無論用什么方法都要根據(jù)自己的情況進行調(diào)整。真題要刷三遍。此外，如文中所說，練習時的時間要求必須比考試時嚴格。最理想狀態(tài)是考試時一個25分鐘的段落，練習時能在20分鐘左右(含填涂答案時間)完成，較理想狀態(tài)是22分鐘完成，一般狀態(tài)是24分鐘完成。祝各位好運!

 

【敬請關(guān)注】更多內(nèi)容敬請關(guān)注李傳偉老師的新浪博客：哈佛SAT